My daughter’s art teacher last year spent a lot of time on the artist
Norval Morrisseau. Apparently they were friends, and I really love the end product of a turtle that my daughter painted and brought home at the end of the year.
Cleaning up for the new school year, she gave me the photocopied sheets that she had received this year. I still find it amazing how resistant many teachers are in this day and age of laptops in going paperless. The pages were at least double sided, and contained several of his incredible works of art, but in black and white. It was essentially a copy of the Wikipedia excerpt, with three paintings from the Canadian Art Institute webpage. A wasted ecological opportunity, and a washed out portrayal that is so easy to find online. So, here I am, late at night, poring over the topic, in a mostly futile effort to give the papers a second life before I recycle them. The subject of Norval and his artwork was worth the study.
According to Wikipedia, Norval Morrisseau was born Anishinaabe, on the Sand Point Ojibwe reserve in Ontario. It was an Anishinaabe tradition to be raised by maternal grandparents. His grandfather was a shaman, and his grandmother a devout Catholic. He went to residential school in the 1930s. Another Anishinaabe tradition was to be renamed when dying, to give new energy and save life. At age 19, a medicine-woman gave him the name Copper Thunderbird when he was very sick. He survived. This is the name, using Cree syllabics, with which he signed all his paintings.
He contracted TB, and was sent to a sanatorium in his 20s, where he met his wife, Harriet. They had seven children together. At age 40, he suffered serious burns in a hotel fire in Vancouver. The following year, he was arrested and imprisoned for « drunk and disorderly behaviour », where he was assigned an extra cell for an art studio.
In 1973, he was among a « group of seven: » artists that Daphne Odjig organized to meet in her home, where they founded the « Professional National Indian Artists Incorporation » in 1973, showing first as a group at the Winnipeg Art Gallery (WAG) called Treaty Numbers 23, 287, 117 (a collective of their nations treaty numbers). The group also included Jackson Beardy, Alex Janvier, Eddy Cobiness, Carl Ray, and Joe Sanchez (in Canada at the time to dodge the draft).
He was self-taught. His early work resembled the petroglyphs of the Great Lakes region, and gave rise to a style now referred to as Woodland. He was initially advised to stick to earth-tone colours by early advocate and anthropologist Selwyn Dewdney, but, fortunately, he evolved to his most recognizable style of colours that became brighter over time, with characteristic black outlines. His subject matter covered a variety of themes, from Christian to mystical, from erotic to political.
He was introduced to a Toronto art dealer who, remarkably did not drive, so he had to be driven by Morrisseau’s friend Susan Ross to see his work. He was commissioned for a mural at Expo 67 in the « Indians of Canada Pavilion ». He was made a member of the Order of Canada, and the Royal Canadian Academy of Arts. He make cover art for Bruce Cockburn, and his exhibitions were international and included Rideau Hall and the McMichael.
The later part of his life was spent with declining health from Parkinson’s disease, and in battles to keep fake and forgeries out of the market. He established the Norval Morrisseau Heritage Society in an attempt to compile a database in order to discredit forgeries. His estate continues this fight today.
After his death, a 2019 documentary « There Are No Fakes » came out on this subject, and Ontario Superior and Appeal court ruled that the Maslak-McLeod Gallery acted fraudulently in manufacturing and selling fake Morrisseau paintings.
Notable works:
Androgyny ?Rideau Hall
Artist and Shaman between Two Worlds ( National Gallery of Canada:NGC)
Observations of the Astral World (NGC)
Indian Jesus Christ
The Storyteller
Man Changing Into Thunderbird
I cannot speak to the authenticity of this website, but the video has a number of incredible works, and boasts a large number of authentic vs fake paintings that seem to have a ring of truth. Truly, his art is worth looking for. From the McGill Visible Storage gallery, to the National Gallery of Canada, his work may be nearby. Certainly, there are plenty of beautifully works as an armchair tourist. Keep a look out for poor imitations if you are shopping. If you are painting, try out his style, and see what you can do with the inspiration.
My favourite quote attributed to him, that would resonate with my Princess Pirate:
« My paintings only remind you that you're an Indian
Inside somewhere, we're all Indians.
So now when I befriend you, I'm trying to get the best Indian,
bring out the Indianness in you to make you think everything is sacred. »